Liberal Perspective of a State - 7979 Words

INTRODUCTION Liberalism has meant many things over the last 400 years and has provided significant benefits to the human race. Basically, liberalism is the belief in the importance of liberty and equal rights and so, the main theme of liberalism throughout the period of its development was that the purpose of state is the promotion and protection of human freedom and equality and ensuring of human happiness. Liberalism meant the removal of traditional distinctions that were imposed on people. Liberals espouse a wide array of views depending on their understanding of the principles of liberty and equal rights, but most liberals support such fundamental ideas as constitutionalism, liberal democracy, free and fair†¦show more content†¦The intellectual journey of liberalism continued beyond Locke with the Enlightenment, a period of profound intellectual vitality that questioned old traditions and influenced several monarchies throughout the 18th century. The ideas circulating in the Enlighte nment had a powerful impact in North America and in France. The American colonies had been loyal British subjects for decades, but they declared independence from rule under the monarchy in 1776 as a result of their dissatisfaction with lack of representation in the governing parliament overseas, which manifested itself most directly and dramatically through taxation policies that colonists considered a violation of their constitutionally guaranteed rights as Englishmen. The American Revolution was primarily a civil and political matter at first, but escalated to military engagements in 1775 that were largely complete by 1781. The 1776 United States Declaration of Independence drew upon liberal ideas of unalienable rights to demonstrate the tyranny of the British monarchy, and justify a complete denial of its legitimacy and authority, leading to the creation of a self-determining and sovereign new nation. After the war, the new nation held a Constitutional Convention in 1787 toShow MoreRelatedThere Are Many Theoretical Perspectives Used When Examining1646 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many theoretical perspectives used when examining the international political system. In this paper I will explain two of the most important: liberalism and realism. Though they are both strong theories, liberalism is best when it comes to explaining international politics. Liberalism better examines all of the influence that impact the decisions made within the international system and better represents the emotions and personal agendas of the state. Liberalism can be considered a combinationRead More The Pros and Cons of Free Trade Essay941 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough three different political ideologies: Liberal, Nationalistic, and Marxist approaches, the advantages and disadvantages will become apparent. Theses three ideologies offer the best evaluation of free trade from three different perspectives. The fundamental component for a liberal political economy is the concept that there be no interference from the government or any other outside source. It is this ‘laissez-faire’ approach that enables the liberal political economy to create what is knownRead MoreLiberal Democracies Vs. Liberal Democracy Essay1142 Words   |  5 PagesLiberal democracies, are defined as the system in which governmental body operate under the principle of individual rights and work to protect them regardless of religion, sect, ethnicity etc. Liberal democracies are thought to be secular in nature and generally do not account for religions or ethnicities rather they promote a certain nationalistic perspective throughout the state. Laws are made through majority vote in the parliament and are meant to be logical in nature rather than derived fromRead MoreA Brief Assignment On International Organizations944 Words   |  4 Pagesestablished state entities. And while there are definitely som e sacrifices that come with becoming a part of an international organization, there are also many positive benefits that have been determined to outweigh these sacrifices. A loss of absolute sovereignty is a small price to pay in order to obtains perks such as economic advantages as well as political advantages, as well as being one step closer to achieving global stability in regards to politics. While there are different perspectives in regardsRead More Politics and Poverty Essay1237 Words   |  5 Pagesones. However, these views can be put into two main categories: The Liberal ideology and the Conservative ideology. There are three areas, which have broad and differing views on how to combat poverty. Those three being, Welfare, Social Security, and Taxes. The following arguments present how those different perspectives affect the poverty issue in America today. Conservative Ideology Conservatives generally go with the perspective that less is more. Most would side with the argument that less governmentRead MoreThe Inequalities Of The Gender Pay Gap1511 Words   |  7 PagesBacchi (2006) approach to analyse the text â€Å"Speech to HRINZ: The reasons for the Gender Pay Gap† by MP Paula Bennett. This essay will illustrate the theoretical perspective of liberal feminism to show the understanding of the problem, and the solutions of the gender pay gap. This essay will also look at two other theoretical perspectives, social democratic, and anti-racism and discuss their viewpoints and solutions towards the problem. What key ‘problem’ does the author identifying the text? TheRead MoreThe Presence And Outbreak Of An Infectious Disease1176 Words   |  5 Pagespandemic, I will examine three different global perspectives: the realist perspective, liberal perspective, and identity perspective. In examining these perspectives, I will show how the liberal perspective is best suited to dealing with this pandemic. A realist approach would handle the issue of the pandemic in such a way where the state would be the main actor, meaning that all advances toward combating the disease would be handled solely by a particular state/country. With this approach, there wouldRead MoreThere Are Four Main Ideological Perspectives In The Political1302 Words   |  6 Pages There are four main ideological perspectives in the political world. For the sakes of this paper I have chosen to focus primarily on two of them: liberalism and conservatism. Before discussing the relevance of these ideologies in real world issues. I believe it is beneficial to first describe what these two ideologies center around. For starters, liberals tend to want more government involvement in both social and economic issues. They also believe that the government should help the people directlyRead MoreThe Effects Of Nuclear Weapon Development On Iran1290 Words   |  6 Pagesso much destruction. This debate has been renewed by the Iran Nuclear Deal, which involves western states placing sanctions on Iran to diminish Iran’s nuclear program. I argue that, while constructivist and liberal paradigms may hold some validity, their perspectives are too optimistic and do not consider the root of the problem—power struggle. Thus, analyzing the situation from a realist perspective is the only rational approach. Historical Background of Iran Nuclear Deal In recent years, countriesRead MoreThe Syrian Refugee And Migration Crisis1423 Words   |  6 PagesWhitworth (hereof known as Goldstein et al.), â€Å"one way to look at the variety of theories is to distinguish three broad theoretical perspectives or paradigms: realist, liberal-pluralist and critical† (Goldstein et al., 4) This essay will examine two of the three main theoretical perspectives explained in Goldstein et al.’s academic textbook; namely, realist and liberal-pluralist and subsequently match them with the viewpoints expressed in two news articles written on the Syrian refugee and migration

Creativity Makes Advertising Effective Essay - 1631 Words

Introduction This essay aims at exploring the impact of creativity in advertising and how creative advertisements are more effective in communicating to a target audience. It looks at how creative ads have more impact and how consumers react when the message is delivered in a unique and new way. It particularly focuses on the value that a creative ad can imply for a brand or a product and how it can contribute to strengthen corporate brand image. How a creative ad can build consumer brand loyalty and change his or her mentality towards the firm and strengthen brand loyalty. The first part of essay talks about creativity in advertising. What is creativity in advertising and how does it impact the corporation and†¦show more content†¦Unless the commercial has a unique presentation the consumer will not invest time in completing the commercial. The visual representation of the brand in a advertisement expresses one form of emotion by which consumer is influenced pr e purchase and can associate with the brand post purchase .It builds brand equity among consumers which provides a physiological value to customers by enhancing their interpretation about the product and influences future purchase decisions and satisfaction .Creative advertising campaigns provide international brands to sustain market strength and internationality. Creative ads give imagination and substance to the product. Often there is a tug of war between the clients and creative’s with the use of creativity in a commercial. As clients make huge investments for a campaign they expect the commercials to be educative and persuasive. As there is no real form or method of measuring the degree of creativity or the impact of creativity most clients which have limited budgets set for a campaign do not expect the agency to make a creative and innovative ad(Charnock W, The End of Think Global, Act Local: Big Ideas Are Global , 2007) . As not all corporations or brands can a fford to make huge investments in advertising by constantly using media forms to buildShow MoreRelatedCreative Advertising Campaign : Assessment1323 Words   |  6 PagesCreative advertising campaign: Assessment: 1 â€Å"Advertising, as we know it, could not exist without creativity.† â€Å"Nothing is more efficient than creative advertising. Creative advertising is more memorable, longer lasting, works with less media spending, and builds a fan community†¦faster.† -Stephan Vogel, Ogilvy Mather Germany’s chief creative officer Creativity has always remained to be a very subjective term. Every individual has a different opinion of what they think about creativity. SomeRead MoreThe Impact Of Marketing On The Marketing Field779 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst invented the electronic computer in 1940. The two were graduate students at the Iowa State College. They were both trying to come up with a method to solve linear equations. In 1942, the first television advertising was recorded. A very big and important part of marketing is advertising. This was a major groundbreaking way to advertise to individual’s homes. In the 1970’s e-commerce was invented. E-commerce is the organized buying and selling of goods and services using an automated electronicRead MoreThe Dimensions Of Guerilla Marketing1457 Words   |  6 Pagesresearcher examines the effects of guerilla marketing dimensions: Creativity, surprise, humor, clarity, and emotional arousal on the consumer purchase intention. Creativity Creativity is regarded as an effective tool in advertising to get through the media clutter, attract consumers’ attention, create an impression and lead to more effectiveness of an advertising campaign (Till Baack, 2015).There are different perspectives on advertising creativity at one hand, people viewed that ad is creative if it sellsRead MoreGoogle s Mission Statement On Business Strategy816 Words   |  4 Pagesto its business strategy. Indeed, Google’s mission is â€Å"to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful.† Google does not only work with information outreach but it also creates new ways to invest on new odd projects with a possible payoff. Moreover, Google’s information core information systems strategy supports its business strategy by promoting a culture of creativity and innovation. With this in mind, Google’s intranet is an open information source for all employeesRead MoreLeadership As A Key Building Block Towards Effective Leadership874 Words   |  4 Pagesaccomplishment of the group s mission, to demonstrate a high degree of teamwork and to build cohesion within relationships of authority. Effective followership is an excellent tool for managing your career and is a key building block towards effective leadership. When it comes to the characteristics of leadership, what is of vital importance is that the effective followers think much for themselves. Compared to the leadership phenomenon, the role of leader assumes a certain level of responsibilityRead MoreMedia Rationale And Publicity Of Advertising914 Words   |  4 PagesMedia Rationale and Publicity As previously stated, the promotion should utilize print and possibly television advertising, e-marketing, sales-generating promos, direct marketing, and public relations outreach. Each of these elements must be tweaked to target the younger segment of consumers in order to spur sales in the short term and form brand loyalty/habits in the segment for later. The second goal is in fact more important, since the generation will ultimately age and take on more decision-makingRead MoreAdvertising, Creativity With Strategy Is Called Advertising Essay1393 Words   |  6 PagesAdvertisement Evaluations â€Å"Creativity without strategy is called art, creativity with strategy is called advertising† (Jef I. Richards). Advertising is a complex art that requires a lot of strategy and attention to detail. Marketers use a variety of techniques to appeal and persuade different audiences that they want their product to be aimed towards. If not effectively done, like Jef I. Richards said, it is just art. The biggest part of advertising is reaching out to a targeted audience. If youRead MoreThe Effects Of Advertising On The Advertising Industry817 Words   |  4 Pagesdecade, the influences of the advertising industry have been growing significantly and it has become a part of our daily life. Everyone gets exposed to advertisements, because they appear everywhere: on newspapers, fliers lying on the ground, on your favorite TV shows, and you can’t even browsing the Internet without accidentally clicking on 10 random ads. Since advertising has become such a big impact on our li fe, advertising companies try to come up with new and effective ideas for their ads, in orderRead MoreNo matter the nature of your business, having a solid marketing plan behind you is essential. If700 Words   |  3 Pageseffectively, it will be difficult for your business to succeed. Understanding what makes a particular advertisement effective allows you to tailor your own marketing plans and achieve better results. Memorable In order to be effective, an advertisement has to be memorable for the viewer. If the viewer does not remember the ad after viewing it, the company sponsoring the ad is simply wasting time and their money. With an effective advertisement, the viewer should be able to clearly recall what happened duringRead MoreAppealing to Emotion in Advertising600 Words   |  3 PagesAppealing to Emotion in Advertising Marketing and advertising play a major role in the promotion of companies and products in the United States. Consumers are constantly surrounded by advertisements by means of television and radio commercials, billboards, magazines, and even social media. But how exactly do companies appeal to their consumers? My topic explores the different strategies used to persuade everyday people to use a certain product or service. One of the biggest effective strategies used in

Greenhouse Effect Free Essays

Greenhouse Effect is a term for the role the atmosphere plays in helping warm the earth’s surface. The atmosphere is largely transparent to incoming short-wave ( or ultrviolet) soalr radiation, which is absorbed by earth’s surface. The earth receives energy from the sun, which warms the earth’s surface. We will write a custom essay sample on Greenhouse Effect or any similar topic only for you Order Now As this energy passes through the atmosphere, a certain percentage gets scattered. Some part of this energy is reflected back into the atmosphere from the land and ocean surface. The rest (70%) actually remains behind to heat the earth. n order to establisha balance, therefore, the earth must radiate some energy back into the atmosphere. As the earth is much cooler than the sun, it does not emit energy as visisble llight. It emitsthrought is frared or thermal radiation. However, certain gases in the atmosphere. Without this blanket effect, the earth would be around 30oC colder than it normally is. These gases like carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide along with water vapour, comprise less than one per cent of the atmosphere. They are called ‘greenhouse gases† as the working principle is same as that which occurs in a greenhouse. Just as the galss of the greenhouse prevent the radiation of excess energy, this ‘gas blanket’ absorbs some of the energy emitted by the earth and keeps temperaature level intact. This effect was first recognized by a France scientist, Jean-Baptiste Fourier, who pionted out the similarly in what happen in the atmosphere and in a green house. Hence he terms the greenhouse effect. This gas blanket has been in place ever since the creation of the earth. Since the industrial revolution human activities have been releasing more and more of these greenhouse gases into atmosphere. This leads to the blanket becaming thicker and upsets gses are called ‘sources’ and those that remove them are known as ‘sink’. A balance between ‘source’ and ‘sink’ maintains the level of these greenhouse gases. Humankind upsets this balance when new source that interfere with the natural gas. When we destroy forest, the carbon stored in the treeescapes as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Increasing agricultural activities, changes in land use patterns, and other sources lead to rising level of methane and nitrous oxide. Industrial processes also release artificial and new greenhouse gases like CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons), while automobile exhaust fumes lead to ozone generation. The resulting enchaned greenhouse effect is more commonly referred to as global warming or climate change. Global warming is a result of the increase of thickness of the greenhouse gas layer that is release into the atmosphere through human activity like burning fossil fuel. Increase greenhouse gas concerntration may be resulting in more heat being trap in the atmosphere and increasing global temperature emitted by the cars we drive, the furnaces we use to heat our homes and the industries that produce oil and gas, create electricity and develop products for the world’s marketplace. These greeghouse are completely human caused. They harm stratospheric ozone and so are not as directly responsible for global warming as carbon dioxideis. The question of reducing their presence in the stratosphere is being taken care of in another global convention, the Montreal Protocol. These gases are particularly effective in absorbing long wave radiation from the earth’s surface and preventing heat from escaping. Alhtough the views and opinions of people across the world vary on issues relating to the cause of global warming and its possible impacts, there is a common understanding that is is a cause for major global concern and must be adressed immediately. How to cite Greenhouse Effect, Papers Greenhouse Effect Free Essays Running head: GREEN HOUSE EFFECT Gwinnett College Mr. Seder Research Paper 3/27/13 Air pollution and greenhouse gases are the reason for the planet as it is today; the reason why we see campaigns flooding the media informing us to ‘switch off’, ‘save the planet’ and ‘turn down the heat’ and the reason why the government is trying to develop a successful scheme, such as the carbon tax scheme, to reduce air pollution caused by major industries. Air pollution and greenhouse gases are the two immediate causes of global warming and climate change. We will write a custom essay sample on Greenhouse Effect or any similar topic only for you Order Now Air pollution occurs when chemicals or particulate matter enter the atmosphere. They can cause damage to living organisms on the planet, as well as destruction to the natural and synthetic environment (Energy Environment. net 2008). Greenhouse gases are gases in the atmosphere that absorb infrared radiation emitted from the earth. They trap infrared radiation in the form of heat, and hence contribute to global warming. Anthropogenic greenhouse gases are a direct result of air pollution. They are the physical gases emitted that cause air pollution. Naturally occurring greenhouse gases also have an influence on the earth’s atmosphere, though it is not as conspicuous as anthropogenic causes. Together, air pollution and greenhouse gases are intensifying climate change and global warming on a world-wide basis. Until 10 years ago, air pollution was thought to be just an urban or local problem until it was discovered that the pollutants could move across continents and oceans. Air pollution is the fundamental factor that causes greenhouse gases, hence climate change and global warming. Air pollutants are the waste products generated from industrial and other processes. They usually come in gases, though aerosols (particles suspended in air, emitted as or formed by transformations of SO2, and ammonia into sulphates, nitrates and ammonium) are common as well, and just as significant. Aerosols absorb and reflect sunlight, which increases the atmospheric temperature, enhancing greenhouse warming. There are two main classifications of air pollutants; primary, those emitted directly into the atmosphere, and secondary pollutants, those hat form in the air when primary pollutants interact and react. Air pollution is most commonly caused by anthropogenic emission, the most predominant being the burning of fossil fuels. Other major causes of air pollution include chemical processing, agriculture, airborne particles and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC’s) (Irina Ignatova 2008). Air pollution does occur naturally as well, from volcanic eruptions, water vapor, animal resu scitation and lightening fires. Air composition changes regularly, depending on the place, season and weather, as well as for many other reasons (NSW Gov. 2008). The most prevalent air pollutants, as established by the Australian Government, are; carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, particles and sulfur dioxide (2. Aust. Gov. 2009. ). Carbon monoxide occurs in the atmosphere naturally at low levels, and is mainly sourced from volcanoes and bushfires. It is emitted from anthropogenic sources by exhaust emissions and some industrial activities(2. Aust. Gov. 2009). Since approximately 1950, anthropogenic sources of CO2 have escalated, as Figure 1 below demonstrates. Lead occurs naturally in the air in tiny amounts, but is added to from lead smelting and other processes. 2. Aust. Gov. 2009). Nitrogen dioxide occurs naturally by lightning and some organic sources, and is added to mainly by the burning of fossil fuels and exhaust emissions (2. Aust. Gov. 2009). Some of the major anthropogenic sources of three major air pollutants, CO, and SO2 are shown in Table 1: Some Important Air Polluting Sectors below. Table 1: Some Important Air Po lluting Sectors (2) Sector Air pollutants emitted Biofuel Combustion Mostly CO; also SO2 and NOx . Industry ump; Refineries Mostly SO2 and NOx; also CO . Power Generation Mostly SO2 and NOx; also CO . Residential and Commercial Sector Mostly SO2 and CO; also NOx . Road, Rail, Air ump; Other Transport Mostly NOx and CO; also SO2 . As can be seen from table 1, the three air pollutants CO, SO2 and NOx are emitted from a range of sources. The sectors listed in the table are some of the worst anthropogenic polluters present. These air pollutants, plus others are also known as greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases (hereafter GHGs) are gases in the atmosphere that absorb infrared radiation emitted from the earth. GHGs can have both natural and anthropogenic causes. They ccur naturally in the atmosphere; however, increased anthropogenic GHGs has led to what is known as the enhanced greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is a naturally occurring process where greenhouse gases allow sunlight to pass into the atmosphere, but prevents some of the long wave radiation (heat) from escaping. This process maintains a livable temperature on earth, as without it the average temperature would be -18oC instead of the 15oC presently (Pidwirny, M. 2006). Naturally, the balance of GHGs is maintained in the atmosphere, ensuring the planet doesn’t become too hot or cold. The enhanced greenhouse effect is an increase in the natural greenhouse effect, stimulated by human activity. GHGs are released into the atmosphere at a much faster rate than they would naturally, increasing their concentrations. This leads to an increase in long wave radiation absorption, raising the atmospheric temperature of the planet. This is known as global warming, and has been slowly occurring over a number of decades. The impact of GHGs has been rising since the industrial revolution, due to the enormous increase in toxic emissions. The major GHGs are Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (NH4), Nitrogen oxide (NO) and Fluorocarbons. Figure 2 shows the proportions of the main U. S Anthropogenic GHG emissions. This graph clearly shows that CO2 is the most prevalent GHG emitted. Figure 2: U. S. Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Gas, 2001. (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Equivalent) . What this graph fails to show, however, is the prevalence of another, very common GHG; water vapor. Approximately 60% of all greenhouse gas is water vapor. Much of the water vapor is retained from natural sources, so it is often unspoken of when detailing climate change. This is generally justified by climate change commonly being referred to in an anthropogenic sense. The four major GHGs, CO2, NH4, NO and Fluorocarbons have increased considerably in amount from the pre-industrial (pre 1750) levels to today, as table 2, below, shows. Gas Preindustrial Level 2008 Level . Carbon Dioxide 280 parts per million 385 ppm . Methane 700 parts per billion 1782 ppb . Nitrous Oxide 270 parts per billion 321 ppb . Fluorocarbons 0 parts per trillion 533 pp. Table 2: Comparative levels of Greenhouse Gases preindustrial (1750) and 2008 . Adapted from http://www. eea. europa. eu/data-and-maps/indicators/atmospheric-greenhouse-gas-concentrations/atmospheric-greenhouse-gas-concentrations-assessment-2 The various levels can be seen to have increased considerably since 1750, the most markedly being Fluorocarbons, which were not present in pre-industrial times , and now are at a level of 533 parts per trillion. The GHG that has had the most devastating increase since 1750 is carbon dioxide, increasing from 280 parts per million to 385 ppm. This increase has led to many of the climate issues prevalent in today’s environment. It is these increasing GHG levels that cause the problems of climate change and global warming. Greenhouse gases caused by air pollutants have many adverse effects to the environment and to the health of living organisms living on the planet. The most significant effect is global warming. The average temperature rise worldwide in the last century was 0. 6oC (National Geographic 2004). Global warming is having many current, dramatic effects on the planet. The biggest danger is from sea level rise. Because of the increasing temperatures, the oceans are expanding, causing the sea level to rise, which poses a massive danger to low lying continents and islands. The oceans have risen 15-20cm already. Figure 3 shows the changes in sea level due to global warming from 1880 to 1980. Greenhouse gases also cause climate change, which is long-term changes in the climate, including average rainfall and temperature. The climate worldwide at the moment is leading to increasingly extreme climate conditions, such as extended droughts, torrential rain leading to extensive flooding and short, intense storms. Many of these severities of nature have already been witnessed, with droughts in Western Australia, floods in the Eastern States, Tornadoes in America and extreme monsoons in Asian countries. So it can be concluded that, as long as air pollution keeps increasing the prevalence of greenhouse gases, climate change and global warming will also increase. The evidence clearly provided in this essay strongly supports the argument that greenhouse gases caused by air pollution are the main cause of anthropogenic climate change. The tables and graphs demonstrate just how greenhouse gases contribute to climate change. As is evident, climate change is an ever growing problem globally. Due to the increase in anthropogenic air pollution, greenhouse gases have amplified also, as shown by table 2. Figure one shows how carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased exponentially, mirrored by anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide. The various examples described clearly support the argument that greenhouse gases caused by air pollution are the major anthropogenic causes of climate change. Work citied Ganesh, P. (2011). Global warming/green house effect. Indian Journal Of Science Technology, 4(3), 219-222. ttp://www. grida. no/publications/vg/climate/page/3072. aspx Indian Journal of Science Technology. Mar2011, Vol. 4 Issue 3, p204-206. 3p. 4 Charts, 1 Graph Kanai, S. , Moghaieb, R. E. , El-Shemy, H. A. , Panigrahi, R. R. , Mohapatra, P. K. , Ito, J. J. , †¦ Fujita, K. (2011). Potassium deficiency affects water status and photosynthetic rate of the vegetative sink in green house tomato prior t o its effects on source activity. Plant Science, 180(2), 368-374. doi:10. 1016/j. plantsci. 2010. 10. 011 Turkish Journal of Agriculture Forestry. 2004, Vol. 28 Issue 3, p203-209. p. 2 Charts, 1 Map. Indian Journal of Science Technology. Mar2011, Vol. 4 Issue 3, p230-235. 6p. . Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviews. Aug2011, Vol. 15 Issue 6, p3301-3318. 18p. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Jun2007, Vol. 55 Issue 6, p832-839. 8p. 1 Diagram, 4 Charts. International Journal of Food Science Technology. Aug2006, Vol. 41 Issue 7, p813-832. 20p. 5 Charts. Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviews. Dec2011, Vol. 15 Issue 9, p4416-4423. 8p. .Document Type:Article Allelopathy Journal. 2010, Vol. 25 Issue 2, p441-451. 11p. 3 Charts, 2 Graphs How to cite Greenhouse Effect, Essay examples

Develop In Children The Ability To Tackle Problems†Free samples

Question: Discuss About The Develop In Children The Ability To Tackle Problems? Answer: Introducation It is crucial to develop in children the ability to tackle problems with initiative and confidence. Children develop their confidence from the environment especially that which is found in the educational institutions. The development of the ability to solve numeracy is among the most desired life skills in the world today. The focus of most learning institutions has been to equip children and the younger generation with this essential skills. This move is meant to address the various concerns about how the young generation gains knowledge on education and the numeracy skills(NN, 2017). These numeracy skills would be essential for their achievement of fully rewarding and sustaining lives. Moreover, it would enhance their active participation in the daily life activities. It is a fact that most professionals in the education system care about the acquisition of these skills by the youths. Several efforts have focussed on how best these skills could be improved. Normally, public opinio n has been sorted out so as to get a glimpse of what is popularly accepted as the best possible way of gaining knowledge in education and numeracy. All these foci are to ensure the young people acquire new behaviors from their interaction with the environment thus developing confidence and creative skills. (Monk, 2014). The behaviorism theory is one of the best explanation on how the children can acquire educational and numeracy skills that are essential for the growth and development of problem-solving skills(Skinner, 2017). This theory is mainly focused on the external events that enhance learning. Education programs are pursued in classical conditions according to this theory. A better understanding of the mathematical perspective and the numeracy skills are dependent upon external stimulus(Watson, 2013). For instance, in situations where learning of mathematics is a teacher centered environment, there are high chances that the students will only get the procedure and not the concepts. It is a fact that concepts are the basics if a better understanding of the mathematics and numeracy skills is to be realized(LTHEORIES, 2017). So much focus on the teacher puts students off from grasping the concepts. In the hearts of the students in this kind of a learning environment is embedded the belief that t he teachers know it all and so they need not think. In a layman's language, this is described as spoon feeding. This behavior causes dependence such that the children only depend on the tutor. Blocking the thoughts of the students by creating a virtually dependent learning environment of this kind is the greatest enemy of acquiring numeracy skills. The best ways to understand and solve numeracy challenges is by knowing and understanding the concepts. This kind of environment would discourage students from understanding concepts thus discouraging learning of the numeracy and mathematical skills (Anghileri, 2006). The above-mentioned challenge can be overcome by creating a suitable environment at the beginning of learning. A better understanding of numeracy is anchored so much on the environmental conditions or a rather external stimulus of the learners(Pavlov Anrep, 2003). Teachers must always understand and apply this concept whenever they engage the students in learning forum. The first essential step to better acquisition of the numeracy skills is the employment of direct communication with the students. The teacher must ensure that they communicate directly and clearly to the learners. Sometimes they should explain concepts and engage them by asking rhetorical questions so as to ensure they are always attentive. This helps to create an environment which focussed only on the numeracy skills being learned(Pavlov Anrep, 2003). Moreover, this would discourage to a greater extent a lacking in the classroom that might create a boring classroom condition. This kind of environment would make mo st students be disengaged thus they would not be able to acquire all the necessary (Anghileri, 2006). The behaviorism, though useful, sometimes fail to cater for the learning need of every student. The truth is that each student has their best means of understanding the numeracy skills. Some understand on the first time a teacher explains to them in the classroom(BEHAVIORISM, 2011). Other students, however, would need further explanation with follow up discussions and assignment so as to best grasp the concepts; constant involvement of some of the students in the learning of the numeracy skills and mathematical concepts. The process of encouraging the students to be involved in checking and revising their assignments and class work frequently. The advantage of this is the cultivation of a behavior that is useful for constant learning and understanding of the numerical lessons. This strategy is useful for taking care of every learner (Prigg, 2011). The ability of the tutors to give guidance to the students during the lessons is critical to grasping of the numerical concepts(Phillips Jonas, 2012). This guidance is meant to prompt the students' ideas and to have them air out their opinions about what they are learning in the classroom. It is well known that when someone discusses what they are studying, they would be able to understand and remember more as compared to when they just listen to the tutor. This is the reason why the behaviorism teaching theory insists on the environment created for the learners. The more conducive the learning environment the more it is easier for them to grasp the numerical concepts. According to Skinner the founder of behaviorism theory, learner of the numeracy and mathematical concepts require a well-developed stepwise approach. The stepwise approach must be in a linear direction. To put this into perspective, learning approach starts from the easiest numerical concepts as it progresses to more complex concepts(Watson, Behaviorist Learning Theory, 2017). This method of learning greatly promotes learning and understanding of mathematics. This kind of programs should be rolled out to all educational programs. The stepwise programs are similar to the way children learn how to walk. In other words, I would describe it as the baby step learning method (Anghileri, 2006). Furthermore, the focus of the theory is on the individualized learning. That is to mean, every student irrespective of their learning abilities must be taken care of in the learning environment. This kind of an environment will promote a development of the numerical skills in children irrespective of their learning capabilities. It is useful for upbringing the children to develop numerical skills. The skills have been realized to be useful in the society. The truth is, no skills in life is used as it is required for everyday activity. Even the noblest of the peasant in the society would need to do a few mathematical concepts even in their daily purchase of the grocery (Anghileri, 2006). The learning periods are beefed up with discussions so as to promote the children communication skills and the ability to think beyond the box. It is a fact that mathematics is a serious subject. However, learning mathematics should never be a serious matter. A tense environment scares learners; thus instilling fear in the minds of the learners(Phillips Jonas, 2012). A good learning environment would promote not only learning but also make the children love mathematical concepts. The reality is that when the students love what they do they would easily apply the skills in the real world. The application of the concepts is the basic concept of learning them. If learning was not for the purpose of application then it would make no sense why people would invest a lot of money and time in acquiring knowledge. Having a fun filled environment with friendly teachers is the greatest key to easier and quickest learner of the numeracy skills. Behaviourism theory is way better than other theories such as constructivism because of its strength of promoting whole students learning thus equal development of problem-solving skills among the children. The constructivism theory simply involves direct communication of the concepts to the learners without hearing from their side. This lack of sharing of ideas during learning transforms the children to be like machines who can simply cram procedures even if they do not understand them. Moreover, that calm friendly learning condition is destroyed thus creating a survival to be the best kind of an environment which make others quit from tackling numeracy problems. Such children will in future lack problem-solving skills while dealing with real life issues. Mathematics teaching has left behind rehearsals mathematics because it makes learning seem like a competition thus scaring some of the learners. A competitive environment would not only make the learning environment tense but also would scare the slow learners who may be in the class(NN, 2017). As mentioned earlier, this theory focuses on the promotion of the numeracy skills in every child and not the bright ones only. If a competitive environment is created, the learning abilities of all the children would not be promoted thus the lack of wholesome growth and development of the younger generation in the society in the field of numeracy and education as a whole (Anghileri, 2006). In conclusion, the development of the numeracy concepts is essential in any society. These skills are best learned when they are instilled in the children in their early stages of development. This is to mean that educational programs should focus more on having people develop a passion for these skills when they are still young. A stepwise learning skill that identifies every good deed by the learners is very beneficial towards the promotion of these skills(Phillips Jonas, 2012). The theory of behaviorism in education is the best theory that could be applied in making the children better understand the numeracy skills. This theory finds an advantage over other theories because of its concentration on every student's detailed learning and not just passing information to the children. The educational systems of the world would be able to make great advancements when they succeed in promoting numeracy skills among the young generation by making mathematics become their passion rather than just another subject of study. Learning numeracy and mathematical skills have changed from careful rehearsal of standard procedures to a focus on the mathematical thinking and communication to prepare the children for the real world of tomorrow (Anghileri, 2006, p.2). References Anghileri, J. (2006). Childrens mathematical thinking in the primary years perspectives on childrens learning (Repr. 2006. Ed.) London: Continuum. BEHAVIORISM. (2011). April: https://www.funderstanding.com/theory/behaviorism/. LTHEORIES. (2017, August). BEHAVIORISM. Retrieved from Learning Theories: https://www.learning-theories.com/behaviorism.html Monk, H. (2014, October 1). 'Enforcing good behaviour is fundamental to education'. Retrieved from The Telegraph: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationopinion/11132924/Enforcing-good-behaviour-is-fundamental-to-education.html (2017, July). Why is numeracy important? Retrieved from National Numeracy: https://www.nationalnumeracy.org.uk/why-numeracy-important Pavlov, I., Anrep, G. (2003). Conditioned reflexes. Courier Corporation. Phillips, C., Jonas, F. (2012). Perspectives on Learning. In C. Phillips, F. Jonas, Perspectives on Learning (p. Ch 3). Teachers College Press. Prigg, (2014). Can women do math? New study find sexes believe men are better: A journal of mathematics. Skinner, B. (2017). About behaviorism. Vintage. Watson, J. (2013). Behaviorism. Read Books Lts. Watson, J. (2017, August). Behaviorist Learning Theory. Retrieved from Innovative Learning: https://www.innovativelearning.com/teaching/behaviorism.html

Animal Essays (1058 words) - Animal Welfare, Animal Testing

Animal Rights "It is possible to commit an immoral act against a non-human animals." In order to commit an immoral act against a non-human animal, one must define the word "morality". According to the definition it means conformity to the rules of right conduct,. On the other hand immorality means wickedness or evil (random house dictionary). So in reflection a wicked or an evil act against an animal is an immoral act also. I believe that it is possible to commit an immoral act against an animal because they are creatures just like us. They feel pain and emotions just like us humans. When someone violates our rights, we get hurt which often results in some kind of action. But animals are helpless, they can't take any action because they are less intelligent then humans. However I do believe that humans are the supreme beings on this planet and that we are on the highest evolutionary scale, but still that does not give us the right to commit wrong acts to the animals. Some of the wrong or immoral acts that I strongly oppose to are animal experimentation, entertainment involving animals, hunting and finally habitat destruction. Animal experimentation is unethical due to the suffering and death on animals in the laboratory and that they have a right to be free from such exploitation. Vivisection is the practice of experimenting on animals which started due to the religious prohibitions on human dissection. When religious leaders finally lifted these prohibitions, it was too late, vivisection was already entrenched in medical and educational institutions (internet). The author of the article on "animal experimentation is unethical" also opposes vivisection because he believes that is "morally wrong, cruel & fruitless." He also believes that they are characterized by scientific limitations, the most important of all the difficulty of transferring results to human beings with any degree of reliability (Bender 55). There are many reasons to oppose vivisection for example the enormous physiological variations among rats, rabbits, dogs, pigs, and human beings. An experiment in 1989 was performed to determine the carcinogenicity of fluoride proved this fact (internet). Approximately "520 rats and 520 mice were given daily doses of the mineral for 2 years." Not one mouse was adversely affected by the fluoride, but the rats experienced health problems . "As test data cannot be accurately transferred from a mouse to a rat, it cannot be argued that data transferred from either species to a human (internet). Some other reasons to oppose vivisection is the deliberate infliction of burns on animals, and research in psychology. In a study, guinea pigs were for 3 seconds in 100 degrees Celsius water (Bender 56). How would you feel if somebody immersed you for 1 second in hot boiling water? Would you feel any pain? In psychology research, countless animals have been "surgically dismembered, drugged, starved, fatigued, frozen, electrically shocked, infected, cross-bred, maddened, and killed in the belief that their behavior would shed light on human behavior (Bender 57). These things mentioned are morally wrong because they are evil in nature. As evil in nature as animal experimentation sounds, so is the entertainment business involving animals. I believe that animal circus is perhaps the most cruelest entertainment of all because the way animals are treated. I don't understand what kind of charm or fun people get out of watching animals do humanly acts. Why do we want animals to be more like us when they are perfectly fine being themselves? When we watch the circus, we only see what goes on in front of us, but what goes behind the scenes is a completely different story. Some animals are beaten to perform better, they are chained to iron poles so they won't run away. These animals are wild, and they need their space, and if they don't get their space, these animals react in a negative way. We often see on T.V. elephants running on the streets if kept under confinement because animals like elephants do have emotional feelings. Elephants also mourn for the dead and are observed to be around the dead for several days which proves that elephants have emotion. Other entertainment involving animals are also immoral such as bull fighting, hound racing and cock fights because it is unnecessary and causes much blood-shed to the animals (Disilvestro, 90) Another example of immoral behavior towards the animals which also causes blood-shed is hunting for pleasure and conservation. It is cruel and inhumane to kill animals for fun because they have pain, they have families. Many elephants are hunted down just so

A Pestel Analysis Of Indian Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Example

A Pestel Analysis Of Indian Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Example A Pestel Analysis Of Indian Tourism Tourism Essay Paper A Pestel Analysis Of Indian Tourism Tourism Essay Paper Learning should be like pleasance trips, like jaunts, to research new views, and to achieve greater highs of cognition. The basic intent of larning should be to foster curiousness in such a mode that clear value add-ons take topographic point. What is new and different? In a competitory universe, distinction is the best scheme, and I have adopted that. The whole term paper is written in stairss so that our instructor could understand my term paper easy, as compared to others. I have given the PESTEL and observation of the touristry industry in dustry in the best possible mode. The existent observations and illustrations are given in the term paper. Benefits from term paper? This term paper has been written to provide the demands of anyone who wants the first manus experience of assorted factors act uponing the touristry industry. Assorted facts and figures are given to understand touristry industry in better manner. Travelers TO VISIT INDIA TRAVELLERS TO VISIT INDIA -ARTICLE # 5: COMMONWEALTH GAMES A ; INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY Article # 6: GROWTH TREND IN EXOTIC INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY SOURCEOF DATA PESTEL ANALYSIS OF INDIAN TOURISM -POLITICAL Analysis -ECONOMIC Analysis -SOCIAL Analysis -TECONOLOGICAL Analysis -ECOLOGICAL Analysis -LEGAL Analysis Observation FUTURE OF TOPIC REFRENCES Aim PESTEL ANALYSIS OF INDIAN TOURISM is being done in order to look into and find the consequence of assorted factors that have an impact on the growing and constitution of touristry. The chief aim of this term paper is as under: PESTEL analysis of INDIAN TOURISM Article Analysis on INDIAN TOURISM Observation of INDIAN TOURISM FUTURE of subject. Introduction Indian Tourism: The touristry industry in INDIA is significant and vivacious, and the state is fast going a major planetary finish. India s travel and touristry industry is one of them most profitable industries in the state, and besides credited with lending a significant sum of foreign exchange. This is illustrated by the fact that during 2006, four million tourers visited India and spent US $ 8.9 billion. Several grounds are cited for the growing and prosperity of India s travel and touristry industry. Economic growing has added 1000000s yearly to the ranks of India s in-between category, a group that is driving domestic touristry growing. Disposable income in India has grown by 10.11 % yearly from 2001-2006, and much of that is being spent to go. Thankss in portion to its dining IT and outsourcing industry a turning figure of concern trips are made by aliens to India, who will frequently add a weekend interruption or longer vacation to their trip. Foreign tourists spend more in India than about any other state worldwide. Tourist reachings are projected to increase by over 22 % per twelvemonth through boulder clay 2010, with a 33 % addition in foreign exchange net incomes recorded in 2004. The Tourism Ministry has besides played an of import function in the development of the industry, originating publicizing runs such as the Incredible India run, which promoted India s civilization and tourer attractive forces in a fresh and memorable manner. The run helped make a colourful image of India in the heads of consumers all over the universe, and has straight led to an addition in the involvement among tourers. . Both straight and indirectly, increased touristry in India has created occupations in a assortment of related sectors. The Numberss tell the narrative: about 20 million people are now working in the India s touristry industry. A new growing sector is medical touristry. It is presently turning at around 30 % per annum. Medical tourer reachings are expected to make one million shortly. The touristry industry of India is based on certain nucleus chauvinistic ideals and criterions which are: Swaagat or welcome, Sahyog or cooperation, Soochanaa or information, Sanrachanaa or substructure, Suvidha or facilitation, Safaai or cleanliness and Surakshaa or security. The undermentioned tabular array provides the major tourer attractive force in India: Charminar: Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh.Kaziranga National Park: Assam. Qutub Minar: Delhi. Mangueshi Temple: Goa. Shimla: Himachal Pradesh.Dal: LakeJammu and Kashmir. Jog FallsShimoga District, Karnataka. Kovalam Beach: Kerala. Amarkantak: Madhya Pradesh. Ajanta: Maharashtra. Puri: Orissa. Golden Temple: Amritsar, Punjab. Jaipur: Rajasthan. Madras: Tamil Nadu. Badrinath Temple: Uttarakhand, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. Victoria Memorial: Kolkata, Bengal PESTEL Analysis: Originally designed as a concern environmental scan, the PEST or PESTLE analysis is an analysis of the external macro environment ( large image ) in which a concern operates. These are frequently factors which are beyond the control or influence of a concern, nevertheless are of import to be cognizant of when making merchandise development, concern or scheme planning. PESTEL analysis is the method to qualify or to analyze the assorted characteristics and traits of any industry like steel industry, power industry, etc, . We are analyzing INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY by utilizing PESTEL ANALYSIS.PESTEL stands for POLITICAL ECONOMICAL SOCIAL Technical ECOLOGICAL LEGAL ARTICLES/LITERATURE REVIEW ON INDIAN TOURISM ARTICLE # 1: Tourism IN INDIA: BY SINGH, KARNAIL, 07 JUN 2008, TOURISM IN INDIA hypertext transfer protocol: //aaharways.com/main/modules/articles/article.php? id=196 The growing of touristry is at a really speedy gait the twelvemonth 2004-2005 show touristry as major subscribers to Indian Economy. There is an inordinate growing on the reaching of foreign tourer. Tourist started coming from Middle East, South Africa, USA, Spain, France and Portugal etcaˆÂ ¦This act as a major subscribers in India s economic system. Interesting characteristic of this growing is that it has come even as planetary touristry has dropped, due to the September 11 terrorist onslaughts in the United States, the eruption of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in East Asia, and the Iraq waraˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ Analysis: Harmonizing to this article the writer tries to state that one of the major subscriber to the Indian economic system is the touristry industry. One of the political factor of the PESTEL analysis has effected the touristry growing, i.e, the onslaught of the 11 septembet which was the terrorist activity. The writer says that due to the rise in the income which has made economic conditions of the people better has added in the domestic touristry. The people in summers visit hilly countries like Kashmir and Himachal, which has happened due to lift in income of the people. Aggressive advertisement run Incredible India by the authorities has besides had part in altering India s image. More than 6500 cab drivers, eating house proprietors and ushers trained under the programme. ARTICLE # 2: ROYAL TRAINS IN INDIA: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.articlesnatch.com/topic/Indian-Maharaja-Train-in -india-cream-of-indian-tourism_2192928.html Royal Trains in India offer royal campaigns to the most vivacious metropoliss of India. Royal Trains in India offer an chance to experience the royalty and elegance of Indian Maharajas of water under the bridge epoch. The Royal Indian Trains take the tourers through the verdant vales, waste comeuppances, royal castles, imperial garrisons, celebrated beaches and so on and on.Royal Trains in India are Indian heritage hotels on board which open their doors in different metropoliss of India each twenty-four hours. These heriatge trains in India provide the tourers with the extreme royal atmosphere to do them experience the royalty of Indian Maharajas, Mighty Marathas and Royal RajputsaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.. Analysis: Harmonizing to this article the writer tries to state that the one of the beauty of Indian touristry is the royal trains of India. There are 5 royal trains in India- Palace on Wheels, Royal Rajasthan on Wheels, Golden Chariot, Maharaja Express and Deccan Odyssey. All of the five Indian Royal Trains supply luxury Tourss in India. Royal trains represent the values, heritage and the civilization of the India. This is one of the societal factor if we take this article with regard to the PESTEL analysis, that has impact on Indian touristry. The royal train are adding great value to tourism as many royality seeking tourers are sing India for this ground. ARTICLE # 3: RNCOS RELEASES A NEW REPORT: BY SHUSHMUL, MAHESHWARI, RNCOS E-Services Pvt. Ltd hypertext transfer protocol: //www.Articlebase.com/rnocs-realese-new-report The study Indian Tourism Industry Analysis by RNCOS provides an penetration into the Indian touristry market. It evaluates the yesteryear, present and future scenario of the Indian touristry market and discusses the key factors which are doing India a possible touristry finish. With focal points on different parametric quantities of touristry industry, including inward touristry, outbound touristry, outgo by inward tourers, medical touristry, and hotel industry, the study gives a thorough analysis on the touristry industry in India. Key Issues A ; Facts Analyzed -A What is the current province of the touristry industry in India? -A What are the emerging tendencies in the touristry sector? -A Which are the taking touristry provinces? A What is the future mentality of the touristry industry? -A Which factors are driving the Indian touristry industry? -A What is the scenario of the hotel industry in India? Analysis: Harmonizing to the study, India represents one of the most possible touristry markets in the universe. It has expanded quickly over the past few old ages and underpinned by the authorities support, lifting income degree and assorted international athleticss events, the Indian touristry industry will go on to turn at the fastest gait in the coming old ages. However, the industry may hold to get by up with several challenges which will restrict its growing. Cardinal Findingss: -A India is expected to see an inflow of 10 Million international tourers by 2010, up from merely 5 Million inA 2007.A Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Rajasthan are the taking touristry finishs inA India in footings of entire tourer arrivals.A Bharat has been advancing its health care touristry by supplying the visitants with private health care installations. It isA expected that the entire market for medical touristry will make US $ 2 Billion by 2012, stand foring a CAGR of 60.69 % . -A Personal disposable income during 2002-2007 grew at a CAGR of 14.16 % , thereby driving domesticA every bit good asA outward touristry. -A Indian outbound tourer flow is expected to increase at a CAGR of 13.30 % over the five-year periodA spanningA from 2008 to 2012. -A India s portion in the planetary touristry is expected to make 1.5 % by 2010. ARTICLE # 4: INDIAN MEDICAL TOURISM TREMENDOUSLY ATTRACTING TRAVELLERS TO VISIT INDIA hypertext transfer protocol: //www.articlenow.com/indian-medical-tourism The ailing glooming faces can now smile as India has been declared an ideal finish for medical Tourss. Even the weakness Black Marias are now treated more successfully at a much lower cost as compared to other parts of the universe. In medical field, India has seen much growing and promotions. In the offing, the most complicated by base on balls surgeries or bone marrow grafts are feasible in India. Analysis: Harmonizing to this article the writer tries to state that the medical touristry in India is turning at a high gait and which has benefitted the Indian touristry. This is one of the technological factor of the PESTEL analysis, that has been impacting Indian touristry. , Indian touristry has been turning because of medical touristry. medical and medical related installations are inexpensive in India as compared to other states. As a portion of Visit India 2009, the Ministry of Tourism has discussed with all major infirmaries of India to offer incentivised trades to the medical tourers. . It is reported that over 1.5 lakhs medical tourers visited India for medical touristry in 2002 alone that brought approximately $ 300 million of net incomes. Ever since so this figure of inflow of medical tourers is increasing twelvemonth after twelvemonth by at least 25 % . This is supplying better oppournity to touristry industry to spread out ARTICLE # 5: COMMONWEALTH GAMES AND INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY hypertext transfer protocol: //www.articlebase.com/commonwealth-games-and-indian-tourism-industry-956058 Gone are yearss when Indian Tourism Industry had received a set back. A new epoch of Indian touristry is ushering and things are now falling into their right topographic point. India is excessively happy to host the exciting Commonwealth Games in 2010. And every bit enthusiastic is Delhi where these Games are scheduled. 85 squads of Commonwealth Nations would be seen contending for 17 subjects. The 12 twenty-four hours long event will hold lucifers of swimming, wrestle, weightlifting, cycling, endurance contest, badminton, pugilism, hiting, sports, table tennis and tennis etc. which would be held from 3rd to 14th October 2010 Analysis: Harmonizing to this article, writer ties to state that India and more significantly Delhi and neighbouring provinces have geared themselves up for the approaching Commonwealth Games this twelvemonth. The tourers will be much excited to witness the participants viing in the freshly built Khelgaon near Yamuna River Bank which is really close to Swami Narayan Akshardham temple. Delhi Government and Indian Government had ventured into upgradation of substructure of the state. The Aviation, Hospitality every bit good as Tour and travel industry will be extremely benefited from the Games. Keeping this in head, the transit services are being improved, metro trains will be shortly seen providing riders, A new hotels are mushrooming and the bing 1s are been renovated.In add-on to this, the monumental heritage of Delhi and environing provinces as Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh Madhya Pradesh is specially taken attention of. ARTICLE # 6: GROWTH TREND IN EXOTIC INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY India, the ancient cultural cradle of the universe, fascinates tourers from every corner of the universe. Even we Indians are non to the full cognizant of the beauty our state has like our ancient metropoliss, temples, minarets, mosques, gardens, lakes, mountains and a batch more. The most popular tourer finishs in India are Central India, The North Eastern provinces, Calcutta, Mumbai, New Delhi, Khajuraho, and Goa, where Rajasthan, due to its broad scope of cultural and cultural diversenesss, is the Eden for the foreign tourers. Indian touristry industry is being utilized as a well-planned tool to ease international apprehension and enabling edifice of cultural skylines in a broader manner. The Government of India has already initiated to accomplish such aims by offering attractive bundles to foreign tourers. It has besides organized route shows in major markets of the Earth such as the UK, Canada, Australia, Singapore and Malaysia. Within first two old ages of the debut of 11th Fiv e Year Plan, the ministry has sanctioned undertakings deserving USD 14.27 million. Analysis: This station give us an overview of touristry industry in India, its growing and its part in to the state s economic growing. Tourism is a turning industry in India that accounts for the larger subdivision of foreign net incomes for our state. In recent old ages, the industry has been badly affected because of the factors terrorist act and the distressing state of affairs in Kashmir. The earning through touristry in India was dropped below than USD 1.5 billion and so the touristry traffic, that merely accounted for 0.5 per centum of the entire traffic of the universe. Unlike past few old ages, 2009 has shown a mark of betterment in foreign tourer influx. This has led the industry to lend about USD 67.3 billion to gross domestic merchandise this twelvemonth, which is expected to lift above USD 187.3 billion by 2019. Harmonizing to Mr Sujit Banerjee, the Tourism Secretary of India, foreign tourer arrival marks is expected to traverse six million this twelvemonth. Besides, a 24 per cent addition was observed in foreign exchange net incomes ( FEE ) as compared to old old ages. Tourism gross is expected to turn by 42 per centum from 2007 to 2017. After witnessing the positive growing for the first clip in 2009, the touristry ministry has planned to develop three niche merchandises, which are wellness touristry, caravan touristry and helipad touristry this twelvemonth. Besides, the Tourism ministry is concentrating on the safety and security of the tourers through consciousness plans and ad runs to lure more visitants. It is invariably doing an entreaty to Indian public to take attention of their invitees with the true spirit of Atithi Devo Bhava . India is traveling towards its finish of tourers chief attractive force topographic point from the phrase Incredible India . Other services like travel ushers, roads, air travel, catering, sanitation, transit and telecommunication are being operated from professional evidences. This would hike the touristry industry every bit good as the economic system of the state. Beginning OF DATA: The beginning of informations that I have used is SECONDARY SOURCE DATA. Secondary information is elected in signifier of information which has already been collected by person. Along with thissome information on crisis direction, their characteristics are collected from cyberspace. For more information sing research methodological analysis, books from library have been referred. PESTEL ANALYSIS OF INDIAN TOURISM Political Analysis: In India, one can neer over-look the political factors which influence each and every industry bing in the state. Like it or non, the political intervention has to be present everyplace. Given below are a few of the political factors with regard to the touristry industry: TERRORISM A ; SECURITY: Terrorism has an inauspicious consequence on the growing and advancement of any state. Terrorism has besides bad consequence on the touristry industry if India. It is the large political job to the regulating party of the state. With the rise in terrorist act the growing of touristry industry in the disturbed parts of state has been at slew rate. The provinces like Jammu and Kashmir, Assam etc. hold a bad touristry end product, which intern effects the state s growing. The govt. of India is taking stairss in respect to undertake the terrorist act by supplying more security to the tourers who are sing such terrorist prone countries. Political Instability: Political instability besides has consequence on touristry industry. Sometimes frequent alteration of parties at province or cardinal degree have an impact on touristry policies and upliftment of tourer sites, as the different parties have different attack to tourist industry. Infrastructure: Infrastructure development depends chiefly upon the authorities or governing political party. There has been a great substructure development from last 20 old ages in India. The better substructure has attracted more and more tourer in India that is why the tourers visited in 2000 were 684 million and 2004 were 760 million. Relations WITH NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES: Relationship with the bordering states have besides a direct relationship with the touristry industry. The political relationship of India with most of bordering states is good, but the tourer from near states are non often sing the state. LACK OF INTERNATIONAL REPRESENTATION: One of job that is because of political factor is the deficiency of international representation of the state. Indian authorities does non givemuch penchant to representation of state internationally because of which touristry rate does non increase by any excess sum. States like Malaysia are stand foring their state internationally which is giving hike their touristry. Economic Analysis: Economic factor besides play an of import function in the analysis of the touristry industy. Better economic factors help to drive more and more tourer from different states every bit good as from domestic market.The Tourism sector of Indian economic system is at present sing a immense growing. The Tourism sector of Indian economic system has become one of the major industrial sectors under the Indian economic system. The touristry industry earns foreign exchanges worth Rs. 21,828 crore. Previous twelvemonth the growing rate of the touristry sector of Indian economic system was recorded as 17.3 % Some of the economic factors that affect touristry industry are: GDP ( GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ) : Gross domestic merchandise besides plays major portion in the upliftment of touristry industry. The GDP of India is turning at changeless gait, it was about 9 % in July,2008. Better growing of GDP has helped to pull more and more tourer. The touristry will besides assist to raise the GDP of India as if more and more tourist arrive they will pass more money which inturn raise the GDP of state. RISE IN NATIONAL INCOME: The Indian touristry is one of the major subscribers in increasing national income and bettering the economic conditions of India. US $ 4810 were generated in twelvemonth 2004 alone from touristry industry and it has increased upto 36 % from old twelvemonth 2003. BETTER ECONOMIC CONDITIONS: If we talk about the Indian touristry industry, the rise in the end product is non merely because if the foreign tourers but the domestic touristry has besides been distributing its wings and adding much more to tourism industry. As the economic condiions has been acquiring better from last decennary and so people are now passing much on Tourss and going. SOCIAL ANALYSIS: Social factor are those factors that affect the touristry industry because of the society. Social factors have more or less a important impact on Indian touristry industry. Some of the societal factors that I have analysed, that consequence touristry industry of India are: DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES: Demographic tendencies describe the alterations in demographics in a population over clip. In India bulk of the population is of the immature people, who are willing to pass and to see different parts of the state, therefore one of this societal factor has helped in development of touristry industry bulk of population i.e, 50 % is under the age of 23 old ages. Huge CULTURE: As we all know that the India is state of assorted faith and has oldest civilization. India is frequently called subcontinent. The Indian civilization drives more and more aliens to see the state. The is so much enormousness in Indian civilization and demographics that the tourers find it better to see state like India as compared to any other state as they find assorted and huge civilizations in India. HEALTHIER LIFESTYLE: India provides tendencies to the healthier life style, one of the biggest illustration is of YOGA. most of the foreign tourer besides visit India because of this intent as they find new and better ways that could maintain them healthy in their twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours sy life style. Language: The Indian population is besides good at talking English linguistic communication, so this factor plays an indirect portion in the upliftment of the touristry industry. The aliens do non happen it much hard to convey themselves to the people. Technological Analysis: Technology ever plays an critical function in any sector, so it has besides played its portion in touristry industry. Some of the major technological factors that affect the industry if touristry are as under: Medical Tourism: Medical touristry has emerged in India from 1995, the medical industry is driving more and more aliens to come to India for their intervention. India is inexpensive at medical processs and technologically advanced than the other states. Around 1.5 lacs of tourer visited India merely for medical intents, which generated $ 300 million entirely.Thus this one technological factor is pulling more and more crowd to India. IT SECTOR: IT sector is one of the sector in which India is acquiring advanced twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. It is driving more and more foreign subjects and tourer to our state as its supplying some occupation oppoturnity to them, which inturn makes rise in growing of the touristry sector. There are many IT parks in India and many IT hubs which techno understanding people from abroad visit to larn new things. Ecological Analysis: Environment is the chief portion of our lives that affect us straight. Environment analysis is necessary for touristry industry as its dependant on environment. Environment factor that has impact on touristry industry of India are: GO GREEN IDEOLOGY: Go green political orientation is one of the major stairss taken by our authorities for the saving of environment. This political orientation states that more and more trees should be planted and less ingestion of fuel should be done. This affects touristry industry straight as better environment will drive more crowd to the state. Global Heating: Global heating is one of the issues of concern of the whole universe. Global heating is set uping the touristry of India as glaciers of Himalaya and the assorted hill Stationss in the Jammu and Kashmir and in Himachal Pradesh are confronting problem because of planetary heating as the temperature and conditions conditions are altering at that place dramatically. SAVE TIGERS INITIATIVE: Tiger salvaging enterprises are besides taking a gait, because royal Bengal tiger is universe celebrated. Peoples come from different states to see the national Parkss like KAZIRANGA etc, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams are the chief attractive force to the tourers, so authorities is taking inaugural to salvage Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams. Legal Analysis: Legal factors of any state have an impact on its touristry. Assorted Torahs and Acts of the Apostless have direct relationship with the rise and autumn in the rate of touristry. Some of the legal factors that have impact on our touristry industry are given as under: TAX Exemption: The strategy and Torahs like revenue enhancement freedom aid to develop the touristry industry. The revenue enhancement freedom Torahs like, 50 % of net income derived by travel agents and Tours operators will merely be taxed. Such legal strategies are assisting a batch in improvement of touristry. INCREDIBLE INDIA: One of the aggressive advertizement run by touristry section is the INCREDIBLE INDIA, it is a advertisement strategy for which the authorities pays the money. Many streamers and advertisment on assorted channels are shown, by this the ministry of touristry attempts to demo assorted great topographic points which can be visited in India. Low Spenders: Apart from the above stated schemes one of the legal drawbacks is that Indian authorities does non pass much on the development and upliftment of touristry because of which touristry industry is non acquiring the uttermost best channel for executing the best. Menus: Government besides provides the installations of the partially low menu to the aliens in the railroads every bit good as in other services to demo the sort intervention and cordial reception to the aliens, this will bring forth the word of mouth promotion of the touristry industry which inturn is the positive mark of legal factors. Observation: Cheap air carnival is controling the domestic touristry, as people are preferring to travel to different topographic points with easiness and in short clip Aggressive touristry scheme adopted by states like states like SINGAPORE and INDIA is still dawdling to implement such schemes. High operation costs. Medical touristry is emerging in India which is assisting to bring forth better economic system from it. $ 300 million generated in 2004. Economic development has developed the gait of domestic touristry. Personal disposable income during 2002-2007 grew at a CAGR of 14.16 % , thereby driving domesticA every bit good asA outward touristry. Royal trains and castles attract the tourer who love the royal ways of life. FUTURE OF THE TOPIC: Inspite of overall recession and war of terrorist act, the hereafter looks bright: Common wealth games 2010, is one of the immense chance by which the touristry industry could anticipate to bring forth high grosss. Increased hotel installations, the adjustment will be easier for the tourers. Development of the substructure has already begun and this will assist in hiking the touristry. Assorted GO GREEN A ; SAVE TIGER enterprises are adding to a better India. Fight war of terrorist act to prolong.

Imperialism in the nineteenth century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Imperialism in the nineteenth century - Essay Example Some countries and corporations within this system accumulate a lot of power and wealth. However some states recorded failure both politically and also economically. The European nations which had become industrialized gained dominance in the world systems. This was contrary to the fact that these nations were weak and marginalized on the few centuries before. The rapid industrialization gave these European countries a rapid growth and they also acquired great military power. Discussion Competition control in the nineteenth century There are different methods that different people used to gain success in business in the nineteenth century. Andrew Carnegie for instance employed the use of the vertical integration. This method involved the use of control on every step in the manufacturing process of the product. This method dominated the market in that century. The vertical integration method had the advantage of saving cost as a result of the integration. This allowed the business to sell products at a cheaper cost compared to those that had not been integrated. An example to this was that the horse company could be the owner of the food farm, Saddle Company and other related group of companies (Hobson 30). Other groups of people such as John D. Rockefeller employed the use of horizontal method of integration. This method involved the control of the entire market in the process. An example was to buy every steel producing company in the region. The idea behind the purchase of all the producing companies was to create a monopoly in the market (Hobson 32).

Asian Polictical and Legal System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Asian Polictical and Legal System - Essay Example Pakistan being adjacent to Afghanistan, the hotbed of Islamic radicalism, is more then exposed to the extremist forces as compared to Bangladesh. Besides, unlike Bangladesh, Pakistan lies on the route to the oil and natural gas rich regions of Central Asia. A number of affluent and influential nations have a stake in the mineral wealth of Central Asia (Rashid, 2001). Some of these stakes specifically intend to use Islamic fundamentalism as a tool to gain grounds in Pakistan to secure their hold on Afghanistan and Central Asia. Bangladesh, on the contrary is not that lucrative in an economic sense, thus Islamic radicals do not intend to pump much finances in this young nation to propagate their ideology. In addition, considering the military inferiority of Pakistan as compared to India, a section of the Pakistan's political elites and the army, particularly the Inter Services Intelligence (ISI) raised and nurtured Islamic fundamentalism over the years to carry on a proxy war against I ndia. It is not a wonder that Islamic fundamentalism in Pakistan stands on much firmer foundations as compared to Bangladesh.

Managing People and Organisations Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Managing People and Organisations - Case Study Example PEST analysis shows that ALSTOM political situation was feeble in 1999 and continued to remain till 2003 until they change their HRM policies to unite the new and old employees. Among the major concerns were lack of funds, updated technology and unskilled labour which they overcome in 2005 by revising their policies and considering social factors on a cultural basis which gained customers' trust and trained their unskilled managers and employees so that they could move with the 'new' labour department. ALSTOM currently should consider economic conditions to be updated on a weekly basis as this would provide the managers with the latest updates to take financial decisions regarding investment and budgeting control. ALSTOM should also sought new ways to lower its' costs and increase its plant's efficiency. ALSTOM unintentionally became dual service business which consisted of a two-fold unit, the existing sector and the newly formed sector. This was the main reason why the industry started engaging in various conflicts. The service sector that was considered 'useless' in ALSTOM was promoted on 'managerial' post while the 'production' unit that consisted of the people who were considered as the real pioneers of the Industry, were merged with the newly formed staff. Any proposal suggested by the new comers and qualified staff was immediately opposed by the existing sector. ... This was the main reason why the industry started engaging in various conflicts. The service sector that was considered 'useless' in ALSTOM was promoted on 'managerial' post while the 'production' unit that consisted of the people who were considered as the real pioneers of the Industry, were merged with the newly formed staff. Any proposal suggested by the new comers and qualified staff was immediately opposed by the existing sector. The conflicts were not limited to the people alone, managers were also involved. Industrial unity began to fragile in the face of multiple pressures; some of them were even brutal which gave rise to the political involvement of managers which widened the potential scope of internal conflict and therefore threatened the basic industrial unity. As a result there started a cold war in two sectors which resisted unity simply as a means of self-protection. (Minkin, 1991, p. 8) The emergence of Uncertainty The existence of 'uncertainty' tended to further reinforce the sense of there being a political sphere distinct from the industrial world which is evident from the development of two distinct centres, the OEM and the newly emerged sector the one growing out of the other seemed to imply the acceptance of two orders and two sets of functions. All of this enhanced the possibility of political and employees' union role-playing in a way that accounts for much of the subtlety and flexibility of the organisational relationship. Walter's management was aware of the fact that ALSTOM was lacking experienced employees; therefore with the formation of OEM, ALSTOM hired capable employees. Inflexibility The more united the organisation, the better is its' structure in terms of flexibility. Walter perceived the two

Impact Assessment of Advertisements Upon Society

Impact Assessment of Advertisements Upon Society The growth in media has lead to expansion in advertisement services over the years to much of the nation. Concern regarding impact of advertisements has grown in Pakistan and this study aims to gather data that analyzes its impact on the society. We will learn that emotions evoked amongst the viewers by advertisements that feature female and male models in diverse sex roles is a primary concern as it has affected the social values present within our society. To be precise, immorality publicized through these advertisements has more or less deteriorated whatever was left of our religious values. Constant advertisements containing indecent substance has lead to people being prone to it which was bound to happen had no corrective measure been taken timely. We investigate that how do children and teens perceive advertisements which change their psyche at a tender age. Lastly, the rulings of advertisements under the laws of Islam that is Shariah, are covered in this study which will highlight the ethical aspects which should have been an integral part of our society. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION An Overview of the Topic Research is conducted to assess the impact of advertising on our society. Since the dawn of advertising, complaints and criticism have run raging. Does it have a strong impact on society? Does it really influence and affect millions of people watching television, reading magazines and listening to the radio every day? The invention of the media has given us more power and knowledge, but its growth prompted us to think about its positive and negative impacts on our society. We experience its ramifications in our personal lives and in society as a whole. Advertising function is not of current origin, even the Romans practiced advertising. The sellers in early times used their loud voices to catch the attention of consumers and inform them of the availability of their services. After the development of retail stores, traders became more concerned about attracting sales and customers. Informing customers about their products and services was vital to increase sales. Hence use of signs on stores and other major places became a way to reach its customers. With the swift growth in markets and increase in customers, the significance of advertising also grew. Different advertising techniques and methods were then developed in order to survive with the rising trend. Advertising plays an important role in our society. It equally goes hand in hand with special responsibilities but the social actors do not fully understand the impact that it has on them. Advertisers are well aware of its society and hence use suitable techniques to reach its market. Few examples are banner ads, TV commercial ads, text messaging advertisements, online video ads and print ads. Each of these methods let advertisers offer a different way for a consumer to become more involved in the marketing process. Every time a person opens a newspaper or turns on the TV, he or she views advertisements in huge quantities which results in more and more chances of being carried away without even consciously knowing it. The worst part is that most of the viewers are negatively affected by it at a subconscious level. It is an important topic to discuss as to whether advertisements affect our society or not. There has been no research conducted in this field previously though this social issue needs attention in our society. The main purpose of this study is to know the relationship between how the society reacts to different types of advertisements and how it affects their psychology. Advertising has changed in its function, mainly because of the switch from informational to a more expressive conceptual way to communicate with consumers. Previously consumers were exposed to informative ads which made easier for them to make a decision by exploring the positives of products and the negatives of competitors. The ads and their types have changed over time, now they come with more emotions and sentiments. This style of marketing and advertising carried throughout the twentieth century, with the introduction of the Internet and other technological mediums it became easier to cooperate and communicate with the consumers directly. The internet plays an vital role in changing the strict lines between informational and emotional advertising as it allows its users to practice traditional informative advertising in many different forms, while encouraging interaction with consumers by click-through sites and links. The foremost aim of this research is to build a framework for an analysis of new media advertising that affects the society in numerous ways. The assessment will perform analyses of advertising and how it has changed the way consumers make decisions about products and services. Societal actors such as parents and other individuals have a general viewpoint that advertisement, specifically TV advertisements have a negative influence on society irrespective of it being intended or unintended. These advertisements hold an immense impact and affect the viewers especially the young generation. Usually the advertisements convey their message successfully. The audience captures the idea and internalizes it; the next thing they know, they are in the malls, buying the newest product or service advertised. The effects of advertising may not look severe, but because of the subtlety of these effects, consumer minds are already absorbing it without realizing. Most TV commercials make use of well-known celebrities or beautiful models that consumers are tempted to patronize it because they want to be like them. Advertising has positive as well as negative social, economical and religious impacts on our society. Viewing advertisements as a public welfare is a positive social impact whereas exposing women as a sex tool comes in the negative religious aspect. As far as economic factors are concerned, financing the media and motivating an vigorous and competitive economy are few major examples. Advertisements promote prosperity but are considered propaganda simultaneously. For example Advertising can affect people by making them smoke cigarettes, and support racial, cultural, and sexual stereotypes. Advertisements try to persuade the consumers to buy a product through the use of subliminal messages, celebrity endorsements or evident signs. The effects of television advertising are remarkable, affecting children, teens, and adults. These ads point out a persons lack of something, instead of the products features. As a result consumers now are likely to purchase products to make them feel good and beautiful instead of buying it because of the products particular feature or value. We all know that Pakistan has been created under the name of Islam therefore all social activities should be governed by Shariah. In accordance with The Holy Quran, fraud may occur if the seller fails to deliver anything promised in a transaction. Moreover according to Hadith [Sahih Muslim: The Book of Transactions], we can conclude that a true Islamic society is based upon honesty, justice and fraternity, and is absolutely intolerant of dishonesty in all its various forms. That is the reason why perfect honesty in business and truthfulness in trade are much emphasized by the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him). It will not be an exaggeration to say that absolute honesty in business and commerce is really an Islamic concept. Moreover The Holy Quran explicitly addresses the dress code for men and women. For instance in a verse of Surat Al-Noor in the Holy Quran states And say to the believing women, that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty; that they Should not display their Beauty and ornaments except What (ordinarily) appear Thereof; that they should draw their veils over Their bosoms and not display their beauty except to their husbands, their fathers. The above mentioned facts prove that Islam strictly prohibits us to provide any false, unauthentic and deceptive information in any form what so ever. It also forbids involvement of men or women in any form as it is against our religious beliefs. People in society are influenced by most advertisements, and resultantly either they buy what they see or converse about what they saw. One of the major unfavorable judgments for advertising is that it persuades the public to buy things which are not their actual want. Advertising plays with emotions and encourages people to think that buying and consuming are the activities of life. It is important to understand what the impact of advertisement can be on society. The impact on individuals depend on how much they watch, their age and personality, whether they watch alone or with others, and whether others talk with them about what they see and understand. Questionnaires were distributed amongst the students, teachers, parents as well as the professionals working in corporate world which made certain that people belonging to all sections of the society were reached. Age was not a barrier in order to ensure that the feedback obtained represents the judgments of the society as a whole. From the 50 respondents in totality, the results show that almost half of the population admitted that the advertisements are a means of giving rise to materialistic values. Many respondents were of the view that they crave to have access to only those selected channels which do not promote immorality and indecency. Ethical and social aspect sections of the questionnaire mainly had an adverse response. A detailed analysis of advertisements and its impact on society will help draw a conclusion that how social inequality is mounting amongst the people of our society and how it molds the psychic of individuals. This research will provide a better understanding of how the society perceives and comprehends the selling objective of commercials. The main objective is to find the relationship between effects of advertisements upon society and their susceptibility of using advertised product or service. Related Definitions Advertisements: Any public notice, as a printed display in a newspaper, short film on television, announcement on radio, etc., designed to sell goods, publicize an event, etc. Advertising: Philip Kotler [Professor of International Marketing at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University] has defined advertising as Advertising is any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods and services through mass media such as newspapers, magazines, television or radio by an identified sponsor Advertising is the non-personal communication of information usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature about products, services or ideas by identified sponsors through the various media.(Bovee, 1992, p. 7) Society: 1. an organized group of persons associated together for religious, benevolent, cultural, scientific, political, patriotic, or other purposes. 2. a body of individuals living as members of a community; community. Psychology: The science of the human soul; specifically, the systematic or scientific knowledge of the powers and functions of the human soul, so far as they are known by consciousness; a treatise on the human soul. The science which studies the functions of the mind, such as sensation, perception, memory, through, and, more broadly, the behavior of an organism in relation to its environment Imitation of stunts: Copying (or trying to copy) the actions of someone else such as an acrobatic or dangerous piece of action in a film, television ad, etc. Eating disorder: Eating disorder is when a person eats, or refuses to eat, in order to satisfy a psychic need and not a physical need. The person doesnt listen to bodily signals or perhaps is not even aware of them. A normal person eats when hungry and stops eating when the body doesnt need more, when he feels the signal of satisfaction. Temper Tantrums: Temper tantrums are disruptive or undesirable behaviors or emotional outbursts displayed in response to unmet needs or desires. They may also refer to an inability to control emotions due to frustration or difficulty expressing a particular need or desire. Awareness: knowledge or understanding of a subject, issue, or situation Impulse shopping/buying: Involves no conscious planning but a powerful, persistent urge to buy something immediately Materialism: The theory that physical matter is the only reality and that everything, including thought, feeling, mind, and will, can be explained in terms of matter and physical phenomena. The theory or attitude that physical well-being and worldly possessions constitute the greatest good and highest value in life. A great or excessive regard for worldly concerns. Fraud: Deception deliberately practiced with a view to gaining an unlawful or unfair advantage; artifice by which the right or interest of another is injured; injurious stratagem; deceit; trick. [Not able to deliver everything promised in the ads is also fraud] Haram: Prohibited, illegal. Mostly used in reference to actions as well as foods. Haraam is that for which the one who does it will be punished and the one who abstains from it will be rewarded, if the reason for his abstinence is following the prohibition of Allah CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW Sandage (1972) worked as a leader in advertising education. He conducted a research on some institutional aspects of advertising. Advertising has two types of criticisms: 1) that which is directed against the methods of individual practitioners, and 2) that which holds that the whole advertising process is neither socially or economically defensible. Basically the society holds advertising accountable to inform and convince members of society in respect to products, services and ideas. It is believed that advertising manipulates consumers to follow the will of the advertiser. The positive side of advertising is the learning of consumerism which means it develops judgment on the part of consumers in their buying practices. Advertising holds a philosophy that consumers are not really competent of making wise decisions and that they would be better off if some supposedly more intellectual person or group made all consumption decisions. Bijmolt, Claassen and Brus worked together to carry a study on childrens understanding to T.V advertising. They examine childrens understanding of TV advertising that is their aptitude to understand commercials. Children are watching more television today than years ago, and therefore viewing more commercials. Parents and other societal actors have a universal concern that advertisement, specifically TV advertisements have a harmful influence on early stages of life irrespective of it being intended or unintended. It is investigated whether their age, gender, parental pressure or any other aspect has an effect on the understanding of advertisements. Brucks, Armstrong and Goldberg (1988) concluded that understanding TV advertisements allows children to use cognitive defences, such as producing counter arguments. While looking at the children responses to TV advertisement a research testing revealed that childrens food choices especially in snacks are based on their exposure to TV commercials. Persuasive strategies are considered techniques used by advertisers to get consumers to purchase. Teenagers have become top consumers in todays society, so advertisers have focused on getting their business. Teens are able to spend their money more freely because they do not have the responsibilities of adults. They even have a greater influence on household spending, as their role in the spending of their parents money continues to rise. For instance, it is not unusual for a parent to send their young kid to the grocery store for them, giving them total control of product choice. Thus, teenagers are becoming big targets for advertisers due to their growing consumerism. Why are teenagers such big targets in the advertising business? The answer is straightforward: They are different. Advertisers view them as a constant changing generation with optimistic outlooks. They want to show individuality by their clothes and possessions, however fit in with their peers. Hyman, Tansey and Clark (1994) conducted a research on advertising ethics as it has been, and continues to be, an important topic in advertising research. Advertising ethics affects the practice of our lives, and also the practice of business, in subtle and important ways. It concerns everyone including the academicians, ad agency personnel, advertisers, consumers, media personnel, and regulators, in one way or the other. Dennison (2008) conducted a study to see the role of television in childhood obesity. The research in the study exhibited that child obesity has more than tripled in the last past 30 years. Although there are many other multi-factorial reasons for it to rise, television viewing is one the major factors. Increased calorie ingestion, poorer dietary quality and reduced physical activity are all results of extreme television viewing. Advertisements, such as sophisticated marketing of high fat, high sugar, high calorie foods and beverages are increasingly being targeted to kids and adolescents. These advertisements have been shown to have an effect on childrens preferences, requests, and short-term consumption of food and beverages. Foods such as fruits, vegetables or dairy products are least likely to be advertised. Gay (1992) analyzed the effects of 2 People see advertisements all around the globe that try to entice consumers to buy products. Advertisements are placed in newspapers, magazines, schools, and on billboards everywhere. According to marketing consultants Stan Rapp and Tom Collins, on a typical day, a person on average sees over 5,000 advertisements a day. Advertising is simply intended to reveal the benefits of products that consumers wish for. It is fundamental to many businesses, as some would be unable to survive without a way of making their products recognized. Although advertising is accused of influencing consumers to buy things they do not need, they have the choice to purchase. It is up to the consumer to make sensible choices and develop shopping skills. Alexander Hanson (1993) came up with many questions which arise about these advertisements, such as Is advertising deceptive? Does it create or perpetuate stereotypes? Does it create conformity? Does it create insecurity in order to sell goods? Does it cause people to buy things that they really dont need? Advertisers use specific methods to aim teen consumers, but these methods are not always doing well or ethical. Advertising is giving the general community information about new goods and trying to enhance overall sales, which increases the competence of the nations economy. It is supposed to be a significant way of getting the point across about a product and create incentive for individuals to buy. Advertising alone, however, does not get customers. It simply catches consumers interest, gets them to walk up to a shelf, and make an impulsive buy. There are several ways to research consumers behaviours, likes, and dislikes. Advertising reveals the latest fashions and the new popul ar novelties on the market. It exhibits perfect individuals wearing the new styles and looking superior. Consumers observe this perfection and envy it. Therefore, they go out and buy in hopes of reaching perfection. Furthermore, being an accepted member of society has become very essential to most individuals. For instance, the presence of body odour on individuals makes them an outcast in society. Advertisers use this knowledge to their advantage by developing ads that show a person using deodorant and being recognized as admired. Fear also works into the whole advertising process. Due to the fear by consumers that they will not fit in, they pay close attention to the new ads for the new looks, which gives advertisers more drive to make their ads represent the ideal person. Advertisers also insure that ads are simply informational, but many disagree and believe that they are definitely influential. Anderson, Crespo, Bartlett, Cheskin and Pratt (1998) worked on a research and concluded one of the most highly advertised products are fast food and other food products. These advertisements have an effect on childrens eating behaviour and healthiness. Many co-relational studies have demonstrated an association between the length of TV viewing and levels of overweight and obesity in both children and teenagers. In order to control Childhood obesity, efforts to separate snacking or eating while watching television must be made. Public awareness efforts such as TV (screen) turn-off week are gaining momentum, as are local school, childcare and after school policies to limit childrens television viewing and use of other screen media. Specialists can play a critical role by reinforcing messages, supporting parents and families in developing and implementing time limits for television viewing and restricting the marketing and advertising of high-fat, high sugar, high calorie foods to child ren and adolescents. Freeman, brucks, Wallendorf and Boland studied that use of harmful products among young people is on the climb. E.g. promoting specific brands of cigarettes is positively related to susceptibility to smoking. Another controversial topic with advertising is the fact that teenage smoking is on the rise. According to TIPS (Tobacco Information and Prevention Source), at least 6,000 people try a cigarette for the first time each day, all of which are under eighteen years old. Tobacco advertisements are being blamed for the increase use of tobacco by teenagers. Many advertising critics argue that tobacco ads do indeed influence and contribute to the number of teenage smokers. Most teens, however, disagree and believe that their peers are the number one factor in their decision to smoke. Since image is very important to teens, they assess what image their smoking friends portray. If they want that image too, they may also take up the practice of smoking. A teens attitude towards cigarettes is a considering factor, ranking over advertising that leads to teen smoking. Ringel, Collins, Phyillis and Ellickson (2006) conducted a research on time trends and demographic differences in youth exposure to alcohol advertising on television. The key objective of conducting the research was to examine trends in youth exposure to alcohol advertising on television across different demographic groups. Firstly, the negative effects of usage include reduced educational attainment, increase in risky sexual behaviour and also increased likelihood of aggression. Aggressive alcohol marketing and advertising is one factor that is often cited as causing drinking. Among researchers, there is a general consensus that alcohol advertising is positively associated with alcohol consumption. Recent evidence suggests that alcohol advertising on television is increasing both in terms of the number of advertisements and the amount spent, with 90% of youth between the ages of 12 and 20years seeing on average more than 280 alcohol ads in 2002. Jam, Akhtar, Hijazi and Khan (2010) worked together to carry a research on the impact of advertisement on children actions. The major findings were that it enhances the awareness of children and the ads targeted to children are not effective, for effective positioning of children related products marketers should target the parents and include ethical orientation along with environmental knowledge to influence the buying patterns of parents. They hypothesized relationships among media (Advertisements) and their impact on children memory as well as their behaviour of purchasing. They additionally hypothesized the relationship between children focused advertisements and their impact on product sales. Materialism, parent child conflict and unhappiness are most important impacts of advertising on children. There are two types of paradigms; the paradigm of empowered child and the paradigm of vulnerable child. Buizen concluded that in the empowered child paradigm, children are viewed as expert consumers, proficient of critically processing commercial messages. In the vulnerable child paradigm, children lack the cognitive skills to guard themselves against advertising messages. In this research Co-relational studies have been used to do the investigation. A sad or happy commercial can affect the mood, and cognition of the viewer. He proposed a cause and effect relationship and found strong correlations between TV advertisement exposure of children and their purchase preferences as well as amount of purchase while shopping with their parents. The Islamic law, Sharia, prescribes all that one should do (Coulson 1964). There are four major sources or roots of jurisprudence-the word of God himself in the Quran, the divinely inspired conduct of the Prophet (sunnah), reasoning by analogy (qiyas), and consensus of opinion (ijma) (Coulson 1964, p. 55-59). According to the Quran, fraud may occur if the seller fails to deliver everything promised in a transaction. Advertisers are likely to show women in advertising if their presence relates directly to the product even if they are not appropriately dressed. The Quran explicitly addresses the dress code for women. The Surat Al-Noor-Aih-31 in the Holy Quran addresses this issue and states that And say to the believing women that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty; that they Should not display their Beauty and ornaments except What (ordinarily) appear Thereof; That they should draw their veils over Their bosoms and not display their beauty except to their husbands, their fathers. Kaiser (2001) came to the conclusion that society today is bombarded with sexual messages and images in all media which includes television, magazines, advertisements, music, movies and the Internet. Parents are often concerned about whether these messages are productive and healthy. While television can be a powerful tool for educating young people about the responsibilities and risks of sexual behaviour, such issues are seldom mentioned or dealt with in a meaningful way in programs containing sexual content. Three out of four prime time shows include sexual references. Situation comedies top the list: 84 per cent contain sexual content. Of the shows with sexual content, only one in ten included references to safe sex, or the possible risks or responsibilities of sex. In shows that portrayed teens in sexual situations, only 17 per cent contained messages about safe and responsible sex. CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY AND ANALYTICAL CHOICE 3.1: Research type: The research type of my thesis will be qualitative. Qualitative research is more appropriate in order to have comprehensive understanding of human behaviour and the reasons that govern such behaviour. The qualitative method investigates not only what, where and when of decision making but the why and how as well. Qualitative research is used to gain insight into peoples attitudes, behaviours, value systems, concerns, motivations, aspirations, culture or lifestyles. 3.2: Data type and research period: The data used in my research thesis is primary. Primary research involves the collection of data that does not already exist, which is research to collect original data. In order to collect the data questionnaires will be floated to appropriate participants and interviews will be carried out of professionals. 3.3: Sources of data: The unit of analysis are individuals such as parents, teachers, youth themselves since they would be the ones made to fill out the questionnaires from which the data would be collected and analyzed. Parents, teachers and professional psychologists are interviewed as well. Customs Ethical conscience Personal Interests 3.4: Theoretical framework: Effects of Advertisements Economical Effects Social and Cultural Effects Religious and Ethical Effects Persuasion power, use of cognitive defenses, producing counter arguments Eating disorder; Craving for fatty, sugary, and fast foods Promotion of harmful and haram products services Awareness Up-to-date info Increase in knowledge for better decision making Fraud, not able to deliver everything promised Consumerism, Parent-child conflict, Unhappiness Sexual info; use of women and female figures Altered Preference Consumption Pattern Temper tantrums, when deprived of latest products Increase in western TV channels other ad mediums Generate impulse Shopping resulting in materialism Materialistic values in youth Help improve diet, if healthy food product ads are convincing Indulge in risky Behaviors; smoking drinking SOCIETY 3.5: Population, Working population and planned sample: The Population sample of 50 people from all three social classes (lower, middle and elite) and age classes (children, youth and adults) would be selected. Both genders would be questioned and interviewed; Questionnaires would be floated to the Children (5years 10years of age), youth (10years 18years) and adults (above 18 years) would be selected. Biases existed since people will not be willing to share their personal experiences and also because of lack of knowledge of the topic under consideration. 3.7: Research hypothesis: H0: advertising has a significant impact on the society and is giving rise to social inequality ÃŽÂ ² = 0 H1: advertising has an insignificant impact on the society and is not giving rise to social inequality ÃŽÂ ² à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   0 H0: do advertisements create or perpetuate stereotypes? ÃŽÂ ² = 0 H1: advertising does not create or perpetuate stereotypes? ÃŽÂ ² à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   0 H0: deceptive advertising and materialistic values has increased over the years ÃŽÂ ² = 0 H1: deceptive advertising and materialistic values has not increased over the years ÃŽÂ ² à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   0 H0: advertising has brought more good than bad to the society as a whole ÃŽÂ ² = 0 H1: advertising has not brought more good than bad to the society as a whole ÃŽÂ ² à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   0 H0: advertising with the help of hard sell and soft sell approach leads to compulsive buying ÃŽÂ ² = 0 H1: advertising with the help of hard sell and soft sell approach does not leads to compulsive buying. ÃŽÂ ² à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   0 H0: advertising, with the expansion in media limits and expenditures in advertising has created a line between those who have and those who have not, giving rise to the sociological patterns of individuals (psychological) and society. ÃŽÂ ² = 0 H1: advertising, with the expansion in media limits and expenditures in advertising has not created a line between those who have and those who have not, giving rise to the sociological patterns of individuals (psychological) and society. ÃŽÂ ² à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   0 3.8: Techniques Cross tabulation are similar to pivot tables. For primary data cross tabulations were used and were particularly useful for the interpretation of questionnaires especially when the significance of relationship between two variables was to be analyzed. 3.9: Data analysis and interpretation The cross tabulations were run in SPSS software which helped to study differences across sampling frame as it was intuitive and easy to use. All the hypotheses were successfully tested through the cross tabs for the purpose of deriving conclusions and making recommendat